In our analysis, we used data from 22 previously published studies on willful ignorance. This approach gave us a much larger, more comprehensive look at this phenomenon than in past research. Although the specific experiments varied, most involved putting participants into pairs. People took part in the study either online or in person in a laboratory. Regardless of the setup, subjects did not interact and remained anonymous to one another. The researchers, meanwhile, knew how many people made a certain decision but could not pinpoint who chose what.